stoma

Media file 3: Diagrams illustrate pediatric stomas. (A) End stoma (inset shows everting maturation); (B) double-barrel stoma: End stoma and mucous fistula are divided and brought through the same incision (inset shows closed mucus fistula sutured to abdominal wall); (C) end stoma with mucous fistula brought out separate incision; (D) end ileostomy with closed mucous fistula left inside abdominal cavity; (E) loop stoma; and (F) decompressing blowhole stoma

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cyst

calf muscle pump

VARICOSE VEIN

LIPODERMATOSCLEROSIS

• in cronic long standing venous dz -> chronic venous insuff.
• Skin becomes reddish or brown because of the deposition of hemosiderin from red blood cell

VIRCHOW'S NODES

• Left supraclavicular lymph node common site of metastases from abdominal or pelvic CA. e.g = gastric ca.

periopt mx

mallampati score

THE Mallampati classification is a rough estimate of the tongue size relative to the oral cavity . used to predict the ease of intubation

Scoring is as follows:
Class 1: Full visibility of tonsils, uvula and soft palate
Class 2: Visibility of hard and soft palate, upper portion of tonsils and uvula
Class 3: Soft and hard palate and base of the uvula are visible
Class 4: Only Hard Palate visible

american society of anaesthesiologist score

system for assessing the fitness of patients before surgery.